Microbial interactions are crucial for Earth ecosystem function, but our knowledge about
them is limited and has so far mainly existed as scattered records. Here, we have surveyed …

Outbreaks of disease in herbivorous sea urchins have led to ecosystem phase shifts from
urchin barrens to kelp beds (forests) on temperate rocky reefs, and from coral to macroalgal …

Green sea urchins Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis along the coast of Nova Scotia,
Canada, suffer mass mortalities from infection by the pathogenic amoeba Paramoeba …

Endosymbiotic relationships between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are common in
nature. Endosymbioses between two eukaryotes are also known; cyanobacterium-derived …

The protozoan parasite Neoparamoeba perurans is the causative agent of amoebic gill
disease (AGD) and an emerging threat to the aquaculture of marine finfish species …

It has been suggested that Sarcocystis species are associated with bovine eosinophilic
myositis (BEM). To date, parasite identification in this myopathy has been based on …

Several diseases have recently emerged in lobsters (Homarus americanus) from Long
Island Sound (LIS). Various stressors have been implicated as contributory factors, including …

Paramoebae are enigmatic single-celled eukaryotes that can be opportunistic pathogens of
marine animals. For example, amoebic gill disease ravages farmed salmonids worldwide …

Diseases affect all facets of life, at the cell, tissue, organ, individual, population, and
ecosystem level, and those associated with marine organisms are no exception. In …

All members of the order Trypanosomatida known to date are parasites that are most likely
descendants of a free-living ancestor. Trypanosomatids are an excellent model to assess …