Evidence for a close bidirectional link between the brain and the gut has led to a paradigm
shift in neurology, especially in the case of Parkinson disease (PD), in which gastrointestinal …

Pain perception involves current stimulation in peripheral nociceptive nerves and the
subsequent stimulation of postsynaptic excitatory neurons in the spinal cord. Importantly, in …

Background Experimental observations have suggested a role of infection in the etiology of
neurodegenerative disease. In human studies, however, it is difficult to disentangle whether …

The gut microbiome can impact brain health and is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD). The
vermiform appendix is a lymphoid tissue in the cecum implicated in the storage and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease
worldwide, characterized by symptoms of bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and …

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) may take decades to develop, during which many risk or
protective factors may come into play to initiate the pathogenesis or modify its progression to …

Two hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the widespread deposition of misfolded
alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein in the nervous system and loss of substantia nigra dopamine …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common (De Lau and Breteler, 2006) and the
most rapidly rising neurodegenerative disease in the world (GBD 2016 Parkinson's disease …

Inguinal hernia containing the vermiform appendix is a rare entity. It is more common in
children than in adults. It can be discovered incidentally during the surgical intervention …

A pathological hallmark of the neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson's disease (PD), is
aggregation of toxic forms of the presynaptic protein, α‐synuclein in structures known as …