International trade contributes directly to global greenhouse gas emissions, as the carbon
content of high-emission products is priced differently in different countries. This …

Unilateral emission trading may lead to carbon leakage. The leakage direction and channel
are critical to multilateral emission mitigation. Despite the increasing number of …

Carbon emission efficiency directly determines the overall carbon emissions level. Previous
studies mainly investigated carbon emission efficiency from the perspective of direct carbon …

The quest for rapid economic development by modern nations has led to an unprecedented
increase in carbon emissions. Knowledge spillovers from increasing trade activities and …

This study aims to analyze the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions, trade
openness, real income and energy consumption in the top ten CO 2 emitters among the …

Ecological Kuznets curve (EKC) reveals the relationship between GHG emissions and
economic growth. However, there are other factors and different channels through which the …

This study investigates the possible environmental effects of economic openness, such as
economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and trade liberalization in South …

This study uses the list of ETS pilot firms and China's Administrative Registration Database
to build the conglomerate of pilot firms and then uses China's National Tax Survey Data from …

Carbon leakage caused by unbalanced climate policy constraints seriously damages the
process of global climate governance. As far as developing countries are concerned, carbon …

Unilateral or sub-global policies to combat climate change are potentially sensitive to free-
riding and carbon leakage. One way of dealing with carbon leakage and competitiveness is …