The cross-bridge theory predicts that muscle force is determined by muscle length and the
velocity of active muscle length changes. However, before the formulation of the cross …

Chemically skinned fibres allow the study of human muscle contractile function in vitro. A
particularly important parameter is specific force (SF), that is, maximal isometric force divided …

Whether eccentric exercise involves active fascicle stretch is unclear due to muscle-tendon
unit (MTU) series compliance. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of changing the …

Little is known about how muscle length affects residual force enhancement (rFE) in
humans. We therefore investigated rFE at short, long, and very long muscle lengths within …

The increase or decrease in isometric force following active muscle lengthening or
shortening, relative to a reference isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level …

Objective: We reviewed and appraised the existing evidence of in vivo manifestations of
residual force enhancement in human skeletal muscles and assessed, through a meta …

The history dependence of force is an intrinsic property of muscle whereby a muscle actively
shortened or lengthened to an isometric steady‐state produces less (residual force …

Although the phenomenon of residual force depression has been known for decades, the
mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated mechanisms of residual …

Purpose Force enhancement is the phenomenon of increased forces during (transient force
enhancement; tFE) and after (residual force enhancement; rFE) eccentric muscle actions …

Following active muscle shortening, steady‐state isometric force is less than a purely
isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level of activation; this is known as …