Abstract RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) speed or elongation rate, ie, the number of
nucleotides synthesized per unit of time, is a major determinant of transcriptome …

Understanding the mechanisms of evolution requires information on the rate of appearance
of new mutations and their effects at the molecular and phenotypic levels. Although …

Alternative splicing of pre-messenger RNA is a key feature of transcriptome expansion in
eukaryotic cells, yet its regulation is poorly understood. Spliceosome assembly occurs co …

Gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the first step in the expression of the
eukaryotic genome and a focal point for cellular regulation during development …

Alternative splicing modulates expression of most human genes. The kinetic model of
cotranscriptional splicing suggests that slow elongation expands and that fast elongation …

Error s in protein synthesis disrupt cellular fitness, cause disease phenotypes and shape
gene and genome evolution. Experimental and theoretical results on this topic have …

RNA polymerase is a ratchet machine that oscillates between productive and backtracked
states at numerous DNA positions. Since its first description 15 years ago, backtracking—the …

Although the roles of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in epigenetic regulation
of gene expression are well established, the functional effects of 5-formylcytosine and 5 …

Accurate transcription is required for the faithful expression of genetic information. To
understand the molecular mechanisms that control the fidelity of transcription, we used novel …

Cellular DNA is continuously transcribed into RNA by multisubunit RNA polymerases
(RNAPs). The continuity of transcription can be disrupted by DNA lesions that arise from the …