Tetrapyrroles are macrocyclic molecules with various structural variants and multiple
functions in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Present knowledge about the metabolism of …

Derived by endosymbiosis from ancestral cyanobacteria, chloroplasts integrated seamlessly
into the biology of their host cell. That integration involved a massive transfer of genes to the …

Plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling coordinates nuclear gene expression with
chloroplast function and is essential for the photoautotrophic life-style of plants. Three …

A plastid-derived signal plays an important role in the coordinated expression of both
nuclear-and chloroplast-localized genes that encode photosynthesis-related proteins …

The chloroplast is a complex cellular organelle that not only performs photosynthesis but
also synthesizes amino acids, lipids, and phytohormones. Nuclear and chloroplast genetic …

Communication between cellular compartments is vital for development and environmental
adaptation. Signals emanating from organelles, so-called retrograde signals, coordinate …

In the mission of plant husbandry, light is a critical yet passive entity. The potential to actively
implement dynamic lighting strategies to control plant growth and development holds great …

Chloroplast activities influence nuclear gene expression, a phenomenon referred to as
retrograde signaling. Biogenic retrograde signals have been revealed by changes in …

Chloroplast biogenesis involves careful coordination of both plastid and nuclear gene
expression, which is achieved in part by retrograde signaling from the chloroplast to the …

Retrograde signalling from plastids to the nucleus is necessary to regulate the organelle's
proteome during the establishment of photoautotrophy and fluctuating environmental …