Activated microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation plays a key pathogenic role in
neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Crinum macowanii is a deciduous bulbous plant which
grows in east, central and southern Africa. Crinum macowanii has been used as herbal …

A previous study in humans demonstrated the sustained inhibitory effects of donepezil on
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; however, the effective concentration of donepezil in …

Background Elaeagnus umbellata is abundantly found in Himalayan regions of Pakistan
which is traditionally used to treat various health disorders. However, the experimental …

Introduction: Single housing of laboratory mice is a common practice to meet experimental
needs, or to avoid intermale aggression. However, single housing is considered to …

Background: Whether intermittent fasting (IF) pretreatment can prevent vascular cognitive
dysfunction remains unknown to our knowledge. Objective: We investigated the effects and …

Y maze has been used to test spatial working memory in rodents. To this end, the
percentage of spontaneous alternation has been employed. Alternation indicates sequential …

The plant family Amaryllidaceae has attracted widespread attention in view of the interesting
biological properties of its alkaloid principles. Many of these discoveries are based on the …

Abnormal production and degradation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain lead to oxidative
stress and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cirsium japonicum var …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Neuronal
apoptosis in the hippocampus has been detected after TBI. The hippocampal dysfunction …