Meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (meta-GWASs) and candidate gene
studies have identified genetic variants associated with cardiovascular diseases, metabolic …

Major depression is multifactorial disorder with high prevalence and alarming prognostic in
the nearest 15 years. Several mechanisms of depression are known. Neurotransmitters …

The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
(BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood …

Bipolar Disorder (BD) has been conceptualized as both a cyclic and a progressive disorder.
Mechanisms involved in neuroprogression in BD remain largely unknown although several …

Lithium is the most effective and well established treatment for bipolar disorder, and it has a
broad array of effects within cellular pathways. However, the specific processes through …

Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder marked by clinical and
pathophysiological heterogeneity. There is a high expectation that personalized approaches …

Objective: Increasing evidence suggests that inflammation and immune dysregulation play
an important role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Because the brain can be affected …

Bipolar disorder (BD) has been suggested to be associated with accelerated aging and
premature cell senescence. While findings on shorter telomeres in BD are controversial, a …

The psychiatric disorders are one of the most disabling illnesses in the world and represent
a major problem for public health. These disorders are characterized by neuroanatomical or …

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of
mania and depression alternating with periods of euthymia. Although environmental and …