Abundant evidence supports the association between low birth weight (LBW) and renal
dysfunction in humans. Anatomic measurements of infants, children, and adults show …

Babies born small are at an increased risk of developing myriad adult diseases. While
growth restriction increases disease risk in all individuals, often a second hit is required to …

The Amsterdam classification system defines four major patterns of placental injury,
maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, acute chorioamnionitis, and …

The placental exposome represents the sum of all placental exposures, and through its
influence on placental function can affect an individual's susceptibility to cardio-metabolic …

INTRODUCTION: The weight of the placenta is a crude but useful proxy for its function in
vivo. Accordingly extremes of placental weight are associated with adverse pregnancy …

Background—Suboptimal fetal nutrition may influence early growth and cardiovascular
development. We examined whether umbilical and uterine artery resistance indices, as …

OBJECTIVES: Observational and empirical evidence suggest that the average placental
shape is round with a centrally inserted umbilical cord. Yet variability of shape is common …

Background Maternal influence on fetal growth is mediated through the placenta and this
influence may have an implication for the offspring's long-term health. The placenta-to-birth …

Distal villous immaturity (DVI) is a placental phenotype characterized by enlarged distal villi
with excessive stroma, hypercellular villous trophoblast, paucity of vasculosyncytial …

The maternal-fetal environment, controlled and modulated by the placenta, plays a critical
role in the development and well-being of the fetus, with long-term impact through …