Background: Olfactory dysfunction is an increasingly recognised condition, associated with
reduced quality of life and major health outcomes such as neurodegeneration and death …

The occurrence of anosmia, the loss or change in sense of smell, is one of the most common
symptoms of COVID-19 experienced by almost 53% of those affected. Several hypotheses …

Background The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory
dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the …

The sense of smell is interrelated with psychosocial functioning. Olfactory disorders often
decrease quality of life but treatment options for people with olfactory loss are limited …

Background Respiratory tract viruses are the second most common cause of olfactory
dysfunction. As we learn more about the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Importance Olfactory dysfunction affects approximately 20% of the general adult population.
It is associated with reduced quality of life and important health care outcomes such as …

Background Post‐viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) is one of the most common causes of
olfactory loss. Despite its prevalence, optimal treatment strategies remain unclear. This …

The acute loss of taste and smell following COVID-19 are hallmark symptoms that affect 20–
85% of patients. However, the pathophysiology and potential treatments of COVID-19 smell …

Abstract Nose-to-brain (N-to-B) delivery offers to protein and peptide drugs the possibility to
reach the brain in a non-invasive way. This article is a comprehensive review of the state-of …

The intranasal (IN) route enables the delivery of insulin to the central nervous system in the
relative absence of systemic uptake and related peripheral side effects. Intranasally …