Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial
diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the …

Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection is endemic in Latin America and is becoming a
worldwide health burden. It may lead to heterogeneous phenotypes. Early diagnosis of T …

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America
and affects ca. 10 million people worldwide. About 30% of Chagas disease patients develop …

Acute Trypanosoma cruzi infections can be asymptomatic, but chronically infected
individuals can die of Chagas' disease. The transfer of the parasite mitochondrial kinetoplast …

The innate immune system is the first mechanism of vertebrate defense against pathogen
infection. In this study, we present evidence for a novel immune evasion mechanism of …

The SMAD (s mall m other a gainst d ecapentaplegic) family comprises transcription factors
that function as signal transducers of TGFβ (t ransforming g rowth f actor) superfamily …

A finite number of transcription factors constitute a combinatorial code that orchestrates
cardiac development and the specification and differentiation of myocytes. Many, if not all of …

TGF-β involvement in Chagas disease cardiomyopathy has been clearly demonstrated. The
TGF-β signaling pathway is activated in the cardiac tissue of chronic phase patients and is …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent clinical arrhythmia. Atrial fibrosis is an important
factor in initiating and maintaining AF. However, the collagen turnover and its regulation in …

Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity
develop long-term fibrotic processes in the heart, promoting pathological cardiac …