Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by inflammation and destruction of bone and
cartilage in affected joints. Autoimmune responses lead to increased osteoclastic bone …

Nowadays, orthodontic treatment has become increasingly popular. However, the biological
mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have not been fully elucidated. We were …

Osteoarthritis affects over 300 million people worldwide. Here, we conduct a genome-wide
association study meta-analysis across 826,690 individuals (177,517 with osteoarthritis) and …

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells with the unique ability to resorb bone matrix. Excessive
production or activation of osteoclasts leads to skeletal pathologies that affect a significant …

In terrestrial vertebrates, bone tissue constitutes the 'osteoimmune'system, which functions
as a locomotor organ and a mineral reservoir as well as a primary lymphoid organ where …

The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell
populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the …

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that are derived from hematopoietic precursor cells
and require macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB …

The liver constitutes a key organ in systemic metabolism, contributing substantially to the
development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanisms …

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathogenic bacteria,
which eventually leads to bone tissue (alveolar bone) destruction as inflammation persists …

The immune and skeletal systems share a variety of molecules, including cytokines,
chemokines, hormones, receptors, and transcription factors. Bone cells interact with immune …