Immunization is a cornerstone of public health policy and is demonstrably highly cost-
effective when used to protect child health. Although it could be argued that immunology has …

The age-related dysregulation and decline of the immune system—collectively termed
“immunosenescence”—has been generally associated with an increased susceptibility to …

The success of vaccines is dependent on the generation and maintenance of immunological
memory. The immune system can remember previously encountered pathogens, and …

The unprecedented increase of life expectancy challenges society to protect the elderly from
morbidity and mortality making vaccination a crucial mean to safeguard this population …

Background Influenza illness burden is substantial, particularly among young children, older
adults, and those with underlying conditions. Initiatives are underway to develop better …

Throughout life, the T cell system adapts to shifting resources and demands, resulting in a
fundamentally restructured immune system in older individuals. Here we review the cellular …

In spite of current influenza vaccines being immunogenic, evolution of the influenza virus
can reduce efficacy and so influenza remains a major threat to public health. One approach …

There are currently around 200 SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccines in preclinical and clinical
trials throughout the world. The various candidates employ a range of vaccine strategies …

One of the most appreciated consequences of immunosenescence is an impaired response
to vaccines with advanced age. While most studies report impaired antibody responses in …

Background Standard‐dose seasonal influenza vaccines often produce modest
immunogenic responses in adults≥ 65 years old. MF59 is intended to elicit a greater …