T cell activation and function require a structured engagement of antigen-presenting cells.
These cell contacts are characterized by two distinct dynamics in vivo: transient contacts …

Stem Cell Antigen-1 (Sca-1/Ly6A) was the first identified member of the Lymphocyte antigen-
6 (Ly6) gene family. Sca-1 serves as a marker of cancer stem cells and tissue resident stem …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a central role in innate and adaptive immune
responses against viral infections. pDCs secrete type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines …

The chemokine receptor CCR5 has been the focus of intensive studies since its role as a
coreceptor for HIV entry was discovered in 1996. These studies lead to the development of …

Patients co-infected with HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB) are at risk of developing TB-associated
immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) following commencement of …

Binding of the HIV-1 envelope to its chemokine coreceptors mediates two major biological
events: membrane fusion and signaling transduction. The fusion process has been well …

The main impediment to a cure for HIV is the existence of long-lasting treatment resistant
viral reservoirs. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about reservoirs, including …

Many microbial pathogens subvert proteoglycans for their adhesion to host tissues, invasion
of host cells, infection of neighbouring cells, dissemination into the systemic circulation, and …

Background Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infects macrophages effectively,
despite relatively low levels of cell surface-expressed CD4. Although HIV-1 infections are …

Infection of humans by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes a progressive,
multifactorial impairment of the immune system eventually leading to the acquired …