The so-called Stefan system describes the dynamical model of the liquid–solid phase
change in materials ranging from water and ice in the polar caps to metal casting and …

Recent studies have indicated that laser direct metal deposition can be used for repairing
deep or internal cracks and defects in metallic components. In order to implement the …

In the present study, fiber laser has been used in laser cladding with an off-axis powder
injection. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of the laser cladding process …

Ice melts into water in a hot environment. Conversely, water freezes into ice in a cold
environment. These phenomena are generally called “phase changes” between the liquid …

Melt formation during laser cutting of metallic substrates is considered and the melt
thickness is formulated using a lump parameter analysis. The droplet diameter is also …

In this study a three-dimensional finite element model is presented for precisely simulating
laser cladding process with a focus on dilution control. Dilution is referred to as an important …

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has been intensively advanced due to numerous
industrial applications, such as automobiles, aerospace, consumer electronics, and medical …

Laser cladding process accompanies phase transformations through melting (on heating)
and solidifying (on cooling), which is an irreversible thermodynamic process. Most of …

Melting and resolidification of a subcooled spherical metal powder particle subjected to
nanosecond laser heating are investigated analytically. The problem is divided into three …

The present review is designed to encompass the English language heat transfer papers
published in 1997. The papers have been categorized into a number of sub-fields. While …