Individual-based models simulate populations and communities by following individuals and
their properties. They have been used in ecology for more than four decades, with their use …

The social environment is one of the primary sources of challenging stimuli that can induce a
stress response in animals. It comprises both short-term and stable interactions among …

The essential textbook on agent-based modeling—now fully updated and expanded Agent-
Based and Individual-Based Modeling has become the standard textbook on the subject for …

Simulation models that describe autonomous individual organisms (individual based
models, IBM) or agents (agent-based models, ABM) have become a widely used tool, not …

Individual-based models are an exciting and widely used new tool for ecology. These
computational models allow scientists to explore the mechanisms through which population …

The social decisions that individuals make—who to interact with and how frequently—give
rise to social structure. The resulting social structure then determines how individuals …

Over the past 40 years, the study of animal populations has shifted from a relatively simple
science that assumed the most crucial regulating mechanisms were the intrinsic properties …

It has been suggested that animals may have evolved cooperative breeding strategies in
response to extreme climatic conditions. Climate change, however, may push species …

Many territorial animals show marked home range dynamics. Depending on food resources
and the presence of other individuals, the size, shape and location of home ranges can …

The importance of compensation payments for biodiversity-enhancing land-use measures
has grown over the past decade, particularly in connection with agri-environmental policy …