Fire smoke in a tunnel fire is a key factor causing casualties, thus the critical longitudinal
ventilation velocity is a key parameter in tunnel fire safety ventilation design. The correlation …

Toxic smoke is one of the main threats to people trapped in tunnel fires. Propagation
characteristics of smoke flow differ between curved and straight tunnels, depending on the …

A PID-based longitudinal ventilation system for smoke control in tunnel fires is numerically
illustrated to yield excellent performance. However, the three parameters in the PID …

A water mist system can reduce the tunnel critical velocity since it cools the smoke and
reduces the buoyancy force. To study this, a theoretical model was derived using the theory …

Some of the most critical transportation infrastructures are road tunnels. Underground
passageways for motorists are provided through this cost-effective engineering solution …

Road crashes have been internationally recognized as one of the main causes of death. On
one hand, in Europe, many governments are struggling with the ambitious target of zero …

Unlike horizontal tunnels, research on the maximum ceiling temperature position and its
influencing factors in inclined tunnels is limited. This study employs numerical simulations to …

The increased probability of fire occurrence in urban tunnels has led researchers to
investigate this issue extensively. Although fire can occur at any point in a tunnel, the effect …

Smoke back-layering length is an important aspect of tunnel fire research, and the influence
of metro train blockage cannot be ignored. In previous studies, less attention has been paid …

It is vital to ensure the safety of hydrogen infrastructures, such as hydrogen vehicles, since a
failure in operation can result in a large fire that can severely damage property and cause …