Major depressive disorder (MDD) is considered a serious public health issue that adversely
impacts an individual's quality of life and contributes significantly to the global burden of …

Although the robust antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)
antagonist ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression are beyond doubt, the …

L-Glutamic acid is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS).
Its associated receptors localized on neuronal and non-neuronal cells mediate rapid …

The mechanism of action underlying ketamine's rapid antidepressant effects in patients with
depression, both suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) …

The discovery of the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine has arguably been the most
important advance in depression treatment. Recently, it was reported that repeated long …

The drug ketamine has been extensively studied due to its use in anaesthesia, as a model of
psychosis and, most recently, its antidepressant properties. Understanding the physiology of …

Conventional antidepressant medications act on monoaminergic systems and have
important limitations, including a therapeutic delay of weeks to months and low rates of …

The experience of stress is often utilised in models of emerging mental illness and
neurobiological systems are implicated as the intermediary link between the experience of …

At sub-anaesthetic doses, ketamine, a non competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)
receptor antagonist, has demonstrated remarkable and rapid antidepressant (AD) efficacy in …

Despite ongoing research efforts and routine clinical use, the neuronal mechanisms
underlying the anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness are still under debate. Unlike most …