Geometric frustration and the ice rule are two concepts that are intimately connected and
widespread across condensed matter. The first refers to the inability of a system to satisfy …

Two-dimensional arrays of interacting magnetic nanostructures offer a remarkable
playground for simulating, experimentally, lattice spin models. Initially designed to capture …

Geometric frustration emerges when local interaction energies in an ordered lattice structure
cannot be simultaneously minimized, resulting in a large number of degenerate states. The …

Artificial particle ices are model systems of constrained, interacting particles. They have
been introduced theoretically to study ice-manifolds emergent from frustration, along with …

The interaction between nano-or micro-sized particles and cell membranes is of crucial
importance in many biological and biomedical applications such as drug and gene delivery …

Lattice transformations that preserve the system topology, but not its geometry, are common
in condensed matter systems. However, how geometric constrains influence the topological …

Using numerical simulations that mimic recent experiments on hexagonal colloidal ice, we
show that colloidal hexagonal artificial spin ice exhibits an inner phase within its ice state …

While particle-based ices are often considered essentially equivalent to magnet-based spin
ices, the two differ essentially in frustration and energetics. We show that at equilibrium …

Abstract 3D nano-architectures presents a new paradigm in modern condensed matter
physics with numerous applications in photonics, biomedicine, and spintronics. They are …

We present a proposal for realization of an electrical memory reminiscent of a memristor in
connected Kagome artificial spin ice. We show that current flowing through the system alters …