The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine
feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its …

Estrogens have numerous effects on the brain, both in adulthood and during development.
These actions of estrogen are mediated by two distinct estrogen receptor (ER) systems, ER …

The complexity of gonadal steroid hormone actions is reflected in their broad and diverse
effects on a host of integrated systems including reproductive physiology, sexual behavior …

Oestradiol exerts a profound influence upon multiple brain circuits. For the most part, these
effects are mediated by oestrogen receptor (ER) α. We review here the roles of ERβ, the …

Estrogens have been shown to have positive and negative effects on anxiety and
depressive-like behaviors, perhaps explained by the existence of two distinct estrogen …

The identification of the specific estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes that are involved in
estrogen protection from hypertension and their specific locations in the central nervous …

As the key regulator of reproduction, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) is released
by neurons in the hypothalamus, and transported via the hypothalamo‐hypophyseal portal …

Context: Recent identification of the second estrogen receptor (ER) isoform (ER-β) within
GnRH neurons of the rodent brain has generated much enthusiasm in the field of …

Long standing interest in the impact of gonadal steroid hormones on fluid and electrolyte
balance has led to a body of literature filled with conflicting reports about gender differences …

Estrogen can regulate oxytocin receptor expression, which is mediated through estrogen
receptors (ESRs) in mammals, initiating parturition. To further study the reproductive …