Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous chronic metabolic disorder characterized by the
presence of hyperglycemia, commonly preceded by a prediabetic state. The excess of blood …

The prevalence of diabetes has been rising steadily in the past half-century, along with the
burden of its associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is currently …

Arginase is a ubiquitous enzyme in the urea cycle (UC) that hydrolyzes L‐arginine to urea
and L‐ornithine. Two mammalian arginase isoforms, arginase1 (ARG1) and arginase2 …

High fat diets (HFD) have been utilized in rodent models of visual disease for over 50 years
to model the effects of lipids, metabolic dysfunction, and diet-induced obesity on vision and …

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM),
leading to significant visual impairment. DME's pathogenesis is multifactorial. Focal edema …

Myeloid cells including microglia and macrophages play crucial roles in retinal homeostasis
by clearing cellular debris and regulating inflammation. These cells are activated in several …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working age Americans.
Clinicians diagnose DR based on its characteristic vascular pathology, which is evident …

Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is a common complication associated with diabetes. This study
aimed to investigate ameliorative effect of black raspberry anthocyanins (BRAs) on DR and …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) are retinal complications of
diabetes that can lead to loss of vision and impaired quality of life. The current gold standard …

Objective Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress mediate the pathological progression of
diabetic complications, like diabetic retinopathy (DR), peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and …