Antipredator strategies of the pupal stage in insects have received little attention in
comparison to larval or adult stages. This is despite the fact that predation risk can be high …

Iridoids are a class of monoterpenoid compounds constructed from 10-carbon skeleton of
isoprene building units. These compounds in their aglycones and glycosylated forms exist in …

Animals have evolved different defensive strategies to survive predation, among which
chemical defences are particularly widespread and diverse. Here we investigate the function …

The combined use of noxious chemical defences and conspicuous warning colours is a
ubiquitous anti-predator strategy. That such signals advertise the presence of defences is …

Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects have been models for theories of
specialization and co‐evolution for over a century. Phytochemicals govern many aspects of …

In some aposematic species the conspicuousness of an individual's warning signal and the
concentration of its chemical defense are positively correlated. Several mechanisms have …

Chemically defended animals often display conspicuous color patterns that predators learn
to associate with their unprofitability and subsequently avoid. Such animals (ie, aposematic) …

The amount of damage that herbivorous insects impose on plants varies as a function of
plant ontogenetic trajectories in tissue quality and defenses, and the herbivores' own …

Chemical defences often vary within and between populations both in quantity and quality,
which is puzzling if prey survival is dependent on the strength of the defence. We …

Sequestration, that is, the accumulation of plant toxins into body tissues for defense, was
predicted to incur physiological costs and may require resistance traits different from those of …