Intense controversy surrounds the question of when children first understand that others can
hold false beliefs. Results from traditional tasks suggest that false-belief understanding does …

Research has demonstrated that adolescence is an important time for self-and other-
oriented development that underlies many skills vital for becoming a contributing member of …

A growing body of infant studies with various implicit, non-verbal measures has suggested
that Theory of Mind (ToM) may emerge much earlier than previously assumed. While explicit …

For over 35 years, the violation-of-expectation paradigm has been used to study the
development of expectations in the first 3 years of life. A wide range of expectations has …

Mature moral judgments include an analysis of both the outcomes of others' actions as well
as the mental states that drive them. While adults easily incorporate both intention and …

Adults routinely make sense of others' actions by inferring the mental states that underlie
these actions. Over the past two decades, developmental researchers have made significant …

Over the past 25 years, a great deal of research has been carried out on social cognition in
infancy. This research can be roughly organized into two sets of questions that map neatly …

Theory of Mind (ToM) has received significant research attention. Traditional ToM research
has provided important understanding of how humans reason about mental states by …

A number of two-systems accounts have been proposed to explain the apparent
discrepancy between infants' early success in nonverbal mindreading tasks, on the one …

When tested with traditional false-belief tasks, which require answering a standard question
about the likely behavior of an agent with a false belief, children perform below chance until …