Apnoeic oxygenation refers to oxygenation in the absence of spontaneous respiration or
mechanical ventilation. It has been described in humans for over half a century and has …

Purpose The shortage of organs for transplantation is an important medical and societal
problem because transplantation is often the best therapeutic option for end-stage organ …

Background Criteria for determining brain death (BD) vary between countries. We report the
results of an investigation designed to compare procedures to determine BD in different …

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an apnea test (AT) technique that
combines the application of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) with subsequent …

Apnea is one of the three cardinal findings in brain death (BD). Apnea testing (AT) is
physiologically and practically complex. We sought to review described modifications of AT …

What Should We Do When Families Refuse Testing for Brain Death? | Journal of Ethics |
American Medical Association Skip to main content AMA Journal of Ethics ® Illuminating the …

The “brain death” standard as a criterion of death is closely associated with the need for
transplantable organs from heart-beating donors. Are all of these potential donors really …

The pronouncement of death is a determination of paramount social, legal, and ethical
import. The novel construct of “brain death” was introduced 50 years ago, yet there persist …

When brain injury is refractory to aggressive management and is considered nonsurvivable,
with loss of consciousness and brain stem reflexes, a brain death protocol may be initiated …

Death determined by neurological criteria, or brain death, is an accepted legal standard for
death throughout much of the world. However, brain death has also been a source of …