Noncovalent interactions, which usually feature tunable strength, reversibility, and
environmental adaptability, have been recognized as driving forces in a variety of biological …

Coacervates are condensed liquid-like droplets formed by liquid–liquid phase separation of
molecules through multiple weak associative interactions. In recent years it has emerged …

Regulation of biological processes typically incorporates mechanisms that initiate and
terminate the process and, where understood, these mechanisms often involve feedback …

Nuclear processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing each
depend on the concerted action of many different protein and RNA molecules. How …

Biomolecular condensates concentrate macromolecules into discrete cellular foci without an
encapsulating membrane. Condensates are often presumed to increase enzymatic reaction …

Mutations causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) often affect the condensation
properties of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). However, the role of RBP condensation in the …

Conspectus Coacervates are droplets formed by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and
are often used as model protocells–primitive cell-like compartments that could have aided …

Bottom-up assembly of higher-order cytomimetic systems capable of coordinated physical
behaviours, collective chemical signalling and spatially integrated processing is a key …

Coacervates are condensed liquid-like droplets, usually formed with oppositely charged
polymeric molecules. They have been studied extensively in colloid and interface science …

Advancing the spontaneous bottom-up construction of artificial cells with high organizational
complexity and diverse functionality remains an unresolved issue at the interface between …