Beetles occur in most terrestrial and freshwater habitats and a few occupy marine
environments. The most common life‐cycle type in beetles is holometaboly. More …

This chapter presents an overview of the seven infraorders and the 91 currently recognized
families of Heteroptera. For each family, it provides a brief diagnosis, selected information on …

The flat wasp family Bethylidae Haliday lacks global scale literature on their alpha
taxonomy. The only world revision for the family was by Kieffer in 1914 and is fully out of …

The world fauna of the flat wasps (Bethylidae) is represented by about 3,000 valid species.
The skeletal morphology of bethylids is still not adequately understood and the terminology …

The most widely recognized hymenopterans–ants, bees, and wasps or hornets–have long
been part of art, ritual, and folklore worldwide. Both extant and extinct Hymenoptera were …

The fossil record allows a unique glimpse into the evolutionary history of organisms living on
Earth today. We discovered a specimen of the stem group ant† Gerontoformica gracilis …

The subfamily Epyrinae is the most common in the bethylid fossil record. Its geological
history ranges from the Eocene to the Pleistocene, and it is the only subfamily that has no …

We apply integrative taxonomy to solve a historical taxonomic impasse in a flat wasp group
(Hymenoptera, Bethylidae). The phylogeny of Epyrinae is inferred with parsimony analyses …

Some authors in the past based their conclusions about the limits of the metapostnotum of
Chrysidoidea based on the position of the mesophragmo-metaphragmal muscle, rather than …

The flat wasps Bethylidae are a cosmopolitan family of aculeate ectoparasitoid of
Coleoptera and Lepidoptera larvae. There are only 73 fossil species so far. Here, we …