Interindividual variability in drug disposition is a major cause of lack of efficacy and adverse
effects of drug therapies. The majority of hepatically cleared drugs are metabolized by …

Codeine is used to relieve mild to moderately severe pain, and it belongs to the drug class of
opioid analgesics. Codeine has also been prescribed to prevent coughing, though the …

When possible, chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) in older adults should be managed by
nonpharmacologic modalities in conjunction with nonopioid analgesics. If moderateto …

Background Opioids are widely used for chronic low back pain (CLBP); however, it is still
unclear how to predict their effectiveness and safety. Codeine, tramadol and oxycodone are …

Inadequate pain management but also inappropriate use of analgesics in early infancy has
negative effects on neurodevelopmental outcome. As a consequence, neonatal pain …

Tramadol (brand names ConZip, Ultram, UltramER, Odolo) is an analgesic used to treat
moderate to severe pain. It is used for a variety of pain conditions, including post-operative …

Abstract: A variety of studies evidenced a relationship between drug use disorders and
sexual dysfunction. In particular, heroin and opioid agonist medications to treat heroin …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) constitutes a significant public health burden as opioid overdose
deaths have continued to rise in the United States. Although treatment modalities are …

Opioids are highly effective analgesics that have a serious potential for adverse drug
reactions and for development of addiction and tolerance. Since the use of opioids has …

Neuropathic pain (NP) and its treatment are considered to constitute an unmet need, with a
high-multidimensional impact on society and the sufferer. The broad spectrum of opioid …