In this Review, I present evidence supporting a multifactorial causation of childhood acute
lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a major subtype of paediatric cancer. ALL evolves in two …

Functional antibody genes are assembled by VDJ joining and then diversified by somatic
hypermutation. This hypermutation results from stepwise incorporation of single nucleotide …

Circulating tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) is an emerging biomarker for many cancers, but the
limited sensitivity of current detection methods reduces its utility for diagnosing minimal …

To investigate the three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture across normal B cell
differentiation and in neoplastic cells from different subtypes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia …

Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) is initiated by DNA breaks triggered by
activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). These breaks activate DNA damage response …

The phenotype of germinal center (GC) B cells includes the unique ability to tolerate rapid
proliferation and the mutagenic actions of activation induced cytosine deaminase (AICDA) …

BCL6 is a transcriptional repressor protein that is expressed in a developmentally regulated
fashion during B-cell maturation. Specifically, BCL6 is required for formation of germinal …

Signaling by vitamin A through its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA) is critical for the
normal development and functions of the hematopoietic and immune systems. B cells, as …

Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) have emerged as a new class of gene expression regulators whose
functions influence a myriad of biological processes, from developmental decisions through …

DNA deaminases underpin pathways in antibody diversification (AID) and anti-viral
immunity (APOBEC3s). Here we show how a high-throughput bacterial papillation assay …