Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections
and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss …

ABSTRACT Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory properties that
plays a central role in limiting host immune response to pathogens, thereby preventing …

T‐cell exhaustion is characterized by the stepwise and progressive loss of T‐cell functions
and can culminate in the physical deletion of the responding cells. Exhaustion is well …

NK cells are enriched in the liver, constituting around a third of intrahepatic lymphocytes. We
have previously demonstrated that they upregulate the death ligand TRAIL in patients with …

The in vitro study of TNF promoter polymorphism (SNP) function was stimulated by the
numerous case–control (association) studies of the polymorphisms in relation to human …

Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infection or co-infection leads to risk of
development of chronic infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) …

Viral infections can have one of two outcomes: control of viral replication and acute infection
or viral persistence and chronic infection. It is clear that both pathogen and host …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause a broad spectrum diseases, including
from asymptomatic HBV carriers or cryptic hepatitis, to acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis …

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In this study, we determined the frequencies of the genotypes
associated with the polymorphism of the cytokines genes, and investigated their association …

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is implicated in severe, usually secondary,
dengue virus (DV) infections. Preexisting heterotypic antibodies, via their Fc-gamma …