The early specification of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons during vertebrate CNS
development relies on signals produced by a small number of organizing centers. Recent …

The lateral hypothalamus (LH) sends a dense glutamatergic and peptidergic projection to
dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a cell group known to promote …

Survival depends on an organism's ability to sense nutrient status and accordingly regulate
intake and energy expenditure behaviors. Uncoupling of energy sensing and behavior …

Neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) control motivated behaviors such as feeding
and ambulatory activity, in part by modulating mesolimbic dopamine (DA) circuits. The …

Polypeptides produced in the gastrointestinal tract, stomach, adipocytes, pancreas and brain
that influence food intake are referred to as 'feeding-related'peptides. Most peptides that …

The number of people living with obesity has tripled worldwide since 1975 with serious
implications for public health, as obesity is linked to a significantly higher chance of early …

Neurotensin (NTS) is a neuropeptide neurotransmitter expressed in the central and
peripheral nervous systems. Many studies over the years have revealed a number of roles …

The small peptide neurotensin (Nts) is implicated in myriad processes including analgesia,
thermoregulation, reward, arousal, blood pressure, and modulation of feeding and body …

Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are heterogeneous and
differentially regulate ingestive and locomotor behaviors that affect energy balance …

Background An impaired intestinal barrier with the activation of corticotropin‐releasing factor
(CRF), Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and proinflammatory cytokine signaling, resulting in …