The functioning of bioluminescent systems in most of the known marine organisms is based
on the oxidation reaction of the same substrate—coelenterazine (CTZ), catalyzed by …

Dysregulation of sleep and feeding has widespread health consequences. Despite
extensive epidemiological evidence for interactions between sleep and metabolic function …

The brain clock that drives circadian rhythms of locomotor activity relies on a multi-oscillator
neuronal network. In addition to synchronizing the clock with day-night cycles, light also …

Calcium‐activated photoproteins, such as aequorin, have been used as luminescent Ca2+
indicators since 1967. After the cloning of aequorin in 1985, microinjection was substituted …

Abstract Background The brain of Drosophila shows dynamics at multiple timescales, from
the millisecond range of fast voltage or calcium transients to functional and structural …

We developed a multiphoton imaging method to capture neural structure and activity in
behaving flies through the intact cuticle. Our measurements showed that the fly head cuticle …

The mushroom bodies (MBs), one of the main structures in the adult insect brain, play a
critical role in olfactory learning and memory. Though historical genes such as dunce and …

Learning and memory allow animals to adjust their behavior based on the predictive value
of their past experiences. Memories often exist in complex representations, spread across …

Functional in vivo imaging has become a powerful approach to study the function and
physiology of brain cells and structures of interest. Recently a new method of Ca2+-imaging …

In vivo measurements of neurotransmitters and related compounds have provided a better
understanding of the chemical interactions that are a major part in functioning of brains. In …