Sensing internal bodily signals, or interoception, is fundamental to maintain life. However,
interoception should not be viewed as an isolated domain, as it interacts with exteroception …

Most research in cognitive neuroscience explores how external stimuli are processed by the
brain. However, the brain also receives input from the internal body. We discuss here how …

Various theories for the neural basis of consciousness have been proposed, suggesting a
diversity of neural signs and mechanisms. We ask to what extent this diversity is real, or …

The role of peripheral physiology in the experience of emotion has been debated since the
19th century following the seminal proposal by William James that somatic responses to …

Current researchers mostly agree that the self consists of both bodily and non-bodily
environmental information. The neural mechanism underlying the integration of this …

Interoception refers to the sensing of the internal state of one's body. Interoception is distinct
from the processing of sensory information concerning external (non-self) stimuli (eg vision …

Although recent studies on self-consciousness emphasized the importance of bodily
processing and multisensory integration, such research has focused solely on bodily signals …

Recent research has identified individual differences in interoceptive sensitivity as a key
source of variation in action, cognition, and emotion. This research has relied heavily on a …

The heart continuously and cyclically communicates with the brain. Beyond homeostatic
regulation and sensing, recent neuroscience research has started to shed light on brain …

Recent experimental evidence on patients with disorders of consciousness revealed that
observing brain-heart interactions helps to detect residual consciousness, even in patients …