In recent years, new probiotic-related concepts such as postbiotics and paraprobiotics have
been used to describe non-viable microorganisms or bacterial-free extracts that may provide …

Food is the essential need of human life and has nutrients that support growth and health.
Gastrointestinal tract microbiota involves valuable microorganisms that develop therapeutic …

The use of bacterial cells as agents of medical therapy has a long history. Research that was
ignited over a century ago with the accidental infection of cancer patients has matured into a …

Bacterial ghosts (BGs) are empty bacterial envelopes of Gram-negative bacteria produced
by controlled expressions of cloned gene E, forming a lysis tunnel structure within the …

Genetically engineered microbes, especially Escherichia coli, have been widely used in the
biosynthesis of proteins and metabolites for medical and industrial applications. As a …

Abstract Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has become a research hotspot in inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD). It has a strong targeting effect on the colon, and has some therapeutic …

Bacterial ghosts (BG) are empty cell envelopes derived from Gram-negative bacteria. They
contain many innate immunostimulatory agonists, and are potent activators of a broad range …

Abstract Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been used as a probiotic. Genetic
engineering has enhanced the utility of EcN in several vaccine and pharmaceutical …

Intestinal homeostasis is a dynamic balance involving the interaction between the host
intestinal mucosa, immune barrier, intestinal microecology, nutrients, and metabolites. Once …

Highly efficient drug delivery systems with excellent tumor selectivity and minimal toxicity to
normal tissues remain challenging for tumor treatment. Although great effort has been made …