The habitability of the surface of any planet is determined by a complex evolution of its
interior, surface, and atmosphere. The electromagnetic and particle radiation of stars drive …

The environment of a comet is a fascinating and unique laboratory to study plasma
processes and the formation of structures such as shocks and discontinuities from electron …

Here we describe the novel, multi-point Comet Interceptor mission. It is dedicated to the
exploration of a little-processed long-period comet, possibly entering the inner Solar System …

Context. The direction of the interplanetary magnetic field determines the nature of the
interaction between a Solar System object and the solar wind. For comets, it affects the …

Context. The Rosetta spacecraft escorted Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for 2 yr
along its journey through the Solar System between 3.8 and 1.24 au. Thanks to the high …

Despite the long escort by the ESA Rosetta mission, direct observations of a fully developed
bow shock around 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko have not been reported. Expanding on …

We examine the origin of electrons in a weakly outgassing comet, using Rosetta mission
data and a 3D collisional model of electrons at a comet. We have calculated a new data set …

Context. Solar wind charge-changing reactions are of paramount importance to the physico-
chemistry of the atmosphere of a comet because they mass-load the solar wind through an …

Context. Solar wind charge-changing reactions are of paramount importance to the physico-
chemistry of the atmosphere of a comet, mass-loading the solar wind through an effective …

The plasma environment of comet 67P provides a unique laboratory to study plasma
phenomena in the interplanetary medium. There, waves are generated which help the …