The Henle fiber layer (HFL) is comprised of bundles of unmyelinated photoreceptor axons
intermingled with outer Müller cell processes. The photoreceptor axons extend from the cell …

Diabetic retinopathy is a major retinal disorder and a leading cause of blindness. Diabetic
macular edema (DME) is an ocular complication in patients with diabetes, and it can impair …

Melanin is a natural pigment that is widely distributed in many parts of the human body, such
as the skin and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in eyes. In contrast to skin melanin, which …

Purpose: To systematically characterize histologic features of multiple chorioretinal layers in
eyes with geographic atrophy, or complete retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer …

Purpose OCT has been a technological breakthrough in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-
up of many ocular diseases, especially retinal and neuro-ophthalmologic pathologic …

Excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) leads to nonspecific
inflammation and is a major cause of the pathogenesis of exudative and nonexudative forms …

Purpose: Congenital achromatopsia (ACHM) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which
cone function is absent or severely reduced. Gene therapy in animal models of ACHM have …

Purpose: Widespread adoption of optical coherence tomography has revolutionized the
diagnosis and management of retinal disease. If the cellular and subcellular sources of …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness. Late AMD can be
classified into exudative (commonly known as wet AMD [wAMD]) or dry AMD, both of which …

The use of optical attenuation coefficients (OAC) in optical coherence tomography (OCT)
imaging of the retina has improved the segmentation of anatomic layers compared with …