The physics of lightning

JR Dwyer, MA Uman - Physics Reports, 2014 - Elsevier
Despite being one of the most familiar and widely recognized natural phenomena, lightning
remains relatively poorly understood. Even the most basic questions of how lightning is …

High-energy atmospheric physics: Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and related phenomena

JR Dwyer, DM Smith, SA Cummer - Space Science Reviews, 2012 - Springer
It is now well established that both thunderclouds and lightning routinely emit x-rays and
gamma-rays. These emissions appear over wide timescales, ranging from sub-microsecond …

The relativistic feedback discharge model of terrestrial gamma ray flashes

JR Dwyer - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
As thunderclouds charge, the large‐scale fields may approach the relativistic feedback
threshold, above which the production of relativistic runaway electron avalanches becomes …

Abrupt elongation (stepping) of negative and positive leaders culminating in an intense corona streamer burst: Observations in long sparks and implications for …

AY Kostinskiy, VS Syssoev, NA Bogatov… - Journal of …, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract Properties of positive and negative leaders developing in air gaps ranging from 4 to
10 m that were subjected to 100/7,500‐μs voltage impulses were examined using a two …

Observations of stepping mechanisms in a rocket‐and‐wire triggered lightning flash

CJ Biagi, MA Uman, JD Hill, DM Jordan… - Journal of …, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
We present 10 high‐speed video images that depict the bottom 150 m of a downward‐
negative, dart‐stepped leader in a rocket‐and‐wire triggered flash, recorded at 240 …

[HTML][HTML] Simulation of decelerating streamers in inhomogeneous atmosphere with implications for runaway electron generation

AY Starikovskiy, NL Aleksandrov… - Journal of Applied …, 2021 - pubs.aip.org
The dynamics of positive and negative streamers is numerically simulated in atmospheric
pressure air in the range of parameters corresponding to the streamer deceleration and …

Observation of a gamma‐ray flash at ground level in association with a cloud‐to‐ground lightning return stroke

JR Dwyer, MM Schaal, E Cramer… - Journal of …, 2012 - Wiley Online Library
Terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) are bright, sub‐millisecond bursts of gamma‐rays,
originating within the Earth's atmosphere. Most TGFs have been detected by spacecraft in …

Characterization and applications of VLF/LF source locations from lightning using the Huntsville Alabama Marx Meter Array

PM Bitzer, HJ Christian, M Stewart… - Journal of …, 2013 - Wiley Online Library
Arrays that detect and locate the four‐dimensional spacetime positions of radiation sources
from lightning have largely utilized sensors sensitive to the very high frequency (VHF) …

Estimation of the fluence of high‐energy electron bursts produced by thunderclouds and the resulting radiation doses received in aircraft

JR Dwyer, DM Smith, MA Uman, Z Saleh… - Journal of …, 2010 - Wiley Online Library
Using recent X‐ray and gamma‐ray observations of terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs)
from spacecraft and of natural and rocket‐triggered lightning from the ground, along with …

Survey of recent progress on lightning and lightning protection research

R Zeng, C Zhuang, X Zhou, S Chen, Z Wang… - High …, 2016 - Wiley Online Library
Lightning and lightning induced effects have significant influence on many aspects affecting
the public, which makes the research of lightning and lightning protection very important …