Drought is one of the abiotic stresses which impairs the plant growth/development and
restricts the yield of many crops throughout the world. Stomatal closure is a common …

Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the “classical” plant hormones, ie discovered at least 50 years
ago, that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. This chapter reviews our …

Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound. SA plays an important role in
the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of …

Stomatal opening is largely promoted by light-activated plasma membrane-localized proton
ATPases (PM H+-ATPases), while their closure is mainly modulated by abscisic acid (ABA) …

Stomatal pores are formed by pairs of specialized epidermal guard cells and serve as major
gateways for both CO2 influx into plants from the atmosphere and transpirational water loss …

Ca2+ signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental
processes of plants. Ca2+ signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result …

Guard cells perceive a variety of chemicals produced metabolically in response to abiotic
and biotic stresses, integrate the signals into reactive oxygen species and calcium …

▪ Abstract Guard cells surround stomatal pores in the epidermis of plant leaves and stems.
Stomatal pore opening is essential for CO2 influx into leaves for photosynthetic carbon …

▪ Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in seed maturation and
germination, as well as in adaptation to abiotic environmental stresses. ABA promotes …

A central question is how specificity in cellular responses to the eukaryotic second
messenger Ca2+ is achieved. Plant guard cells, that form stomatal pores for gas exchange …