The discovery, in 2006, that loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene are the
cause of ichthyosis vulgaris—the most common disorder of keratinization—and also a strong …

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UV‐B component (280–320
nm), from the sun results in erythema, edema, hyperplasia, hyperpigmentation, sunburn …

Solar UVR (∼ 295–400nm) has acute clinical effects on the eyes and the skin. The only
effect on the eye is inflammation of the cornea (photokeratitis), which is caused by UVB (and …

There is compelling epidemiological evidence that the risk of developing multiple sclerosis
is increased in association with low levels of sun exposure, possibly because this is …

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD; eczema) is characterized by a widespread abnormality in
cutaneous barrier function and propensity to inflammation. Filaggrin is a multifunctional …

Multiple genetic as well as environmental factors interact in the pathogenesis of eczema.
Increased understanding of genetic predisposition in atopy and eczema has directed …

The safety and stability of synthetic UV-filters and the procedures for evaluating the
photoprotective capability of commercial sunscreens are under continuous review. The …

The Sun has played a major role in the development of life on Earth. In Western culture,
people are warned against Sun exposure because of its adverse effects: erythema …

Urocanic acid (UCA), produced in the upper layers of mammalian skin, is a major absorber
of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Originally thought to be a 'natural sunscreen', studies …

Trans-urocanic acid (trans-UCA) is synthesized in the skin, liver, and brain. It is a major
natural moisturizing factor in skin and maintains its acid pH. In skin, it isomerizes to cis-UCA …