Transparent conductors (TCs) have a multitude of applications for solar energy utilization
and for energy savings, especially in buildings. The largest of these applications, in terms of …

Transition metal oxides have gained substantial attention in the previous decade by virtue of
their distinctive physical and chemical properties. Amidst all, tungsten oxide (WO 3) is …

Physical vapor deposition under conditions of obliquely incident flux and limited adatom
diffusion results in a film with a columnar microstructure. These columns will be oriented …

Sculptured thin films with three dimensional microstructure controlled on the 10 nm scale
were fabricated with an evaporation technique. Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) and …

Sculptured thin films (STFs) are a class of nanoengineered materials with properties that can
be designed and realized in a controllable manner using physical vapor deposition. This text …

This book provides a highly practical treatment of Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD), a thin
film fabrication technology optimized to produce precise nanostructures from a wide range of …

A diversity of supramolecular structures can be created, not only in nature but also in
artificial systems, by self-assembly of designed “organic” building blocks. 1 One may …

Control over the orientational order of liquid crystals (LCs) is critical to optical switching and
display applications. Porous polymer networks have been used to influence the orientation …

Three-dimensional nanostructures can be fabricated by the glancing angle deposition
technique. By rotating the substrate in both polar and azimuthal directions, one can fabricate …

An ultrahigh vacuum apparatus for the deposition of thin films with controlled three-
dimensional nanometer-scale structure is described. Our system allows an alternate, faster …