The RET proto-oncogene has been well-studied. RET is involved in many different
physiological and developmental functions. When altered, RET mutations influence disease …

A molecular biology–based taxonomy has been proposed for pheochromocytoma and
paraganglioma (PPGL). Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas revealed clinically relevant …

The RET receptor tyrosine kinase is crucial for normal development but also contributes to
pathologies that reflect both the loss and the gain of RET function. Activation of RET occurs …

▪ Abstract The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family of enzymes is recruited upon growth
factor receptor activation and produces 3′ phosphoinositide lipids. The lipid products of …

Hereditary pheochromocytoma (PCC) is often caused by germline mutations in one of nine
susceptibility genes described to date,,,, but there are familial cases without mutations in …

Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors
of the adrenal glands and the sympathetic and parasympathetic paraganglia. They can …

Rearranged during transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine kinase was first identified over thirty
years ago as a novel transforming gene. Since its discovery and subsequent pathway …

The variety of diseases caused by mutations in RET receptor tyrosine kinase provides a
classic example of phenotypic heterogeneity. Gain-of-function mutations of RET are …

Pheochromocytomas, which are catecholamine-secreting tumors of neural crest origin, are
frequently hereditary. However, the molecular basis of the majority of these tumors is …

Background: Aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway
plays a fundamental role in thyroid tumorigenesis, particularly in follicular thyroid cancer …