In order to solve the antibiotic resistance, the research on antibiotic substitutes has received
an extensive attention. Many studies have shown that β-glucan and mannan from yeast cell …

Human fungal infections are a historically neglected area of disease research, yet they
cause more than 1.5 million deaths every year. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of …

The innate immune system responds in a rapid and non‐specific manner against
immunologic threats; inflammation is part of this response. This is followed by a slower but …

The complement system is deeply embedded in our physiology and immunity. Complement
activation generates a multitude of molecules that converge simultaneously on the …

Together with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients in the human
diet. Digestible carbohydrates, such as starch, starch-based products, sucrose, lactose …

Although the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has decreased since the
introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, it remains an important cause of disease in …

Beta-glucans are a heterogeneous group of natural polysaccharides mostly investigated for
their immunological effects. Due to the low systemic availability of oral preparations, it has …

Polysaccharide immunomodulators were first discovered over 40 years ago. Although very
few have been rigorously studied, recent reports have revealed the mechanism of action …

Nowadays macrofungi are distinguished as important natural resources of
immunomodulating and anticancer agents and with regard to the increase in diseases …

Antitumor mAb bind to tumors and activate complement, coating tumors with iC3b.
Intravenously administered yeast β-1, 3; 1, 6-glucan functions as an adjuvant for antitumor …