Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) family
of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes
of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the …

Antibodies targeting immune checkpoints are emerging as potent and viable cancer
therapies, but not all patients respond to these as single agents. Concurrently targeting …

We review the evolution and structure of members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-
β) family, antagonistic or agonistic modulators, and receptors that regulate TGF-β signaling …

TGF-β signaling controls a plethora of cellular responses and figures prominently in animal
development. Recent cellular, biochemical, and structural studies have revealed significant …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors that belong to the
transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily. The roles of BMPs in embryonic …

The TGF-β family comprises many structurally related differentiation factors that act through
a heteromeric receptor complex at the cell surface and an intracellular signal transducing …

There is an unmet medical need for anabolic treatments to restore lost bone. Human genetic
bone disorders provide insight into bone regulatory processes. Sclerosteosis is a disease …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β
family (TGFβ), which signal through hetero-tetrameric complexes of type I and type II …

TGF-β, essential for development and immunity, is expressed as a latent complex (L-TGF-β)
non-covalently associated with its prodomain and presented on immune cell surfaces by …