A growing body of literature suggests the inner ear vestibular system has a substantial
impact on cognitive function. The strongest evidence exists in connecting vestibular function …

The postural control system has two main functions: first, to build up posture against gravity
and ensure that balance is maintained; and second, to fix the orientation and position of the …

The metaphor of a" cognitive map" has attracted wide interest since it was first proposed in
the late 1940s. Researchers from fields as diverse as psychology, geography, and urban …

It is often assumed that navigation implies the use, by animals, of landmarks indicating the
location of the goal. However, many animals (including humans) are able to return to the …

In this Perspective, we evaluate current progress in understanding how the brain encodes
our sense of direction, within the context of parallel work focused on how early vestibular …

The three-volume work Perceiving in Depth is a sequel to Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
and to Seeing in Depth, both by Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers. This work is much …

In two experiments, subjects traveled through virtual mazes, encountering target objects
along the way. Their task was to indicate the direction to these target objects from a terminal …

Animals require two types of fundamental information for accurate navigation: location and
directional heading. Current theories hypothesize that animals maintain a neural …

During locomotion, mammals update their position with respect to a fixed point of reference,
such as their point of departure, by processing inertial cues, proprioceptive feedback and …

The control and perception of body orientation and motion are subserved by multiple
sensory and motor mechanisms ranging from relatively simple, peripheral mechanisms to …