This review article looks at the functions of the venous sys-tem within the context of
cardiovascular physiology. The veins contain about 70% of total blood volume (vs 18% in …

Predicting the hemodynamic response to fluid administration in patients with acute
circulatory failure is of major importance and numerous methods are now available. While …

Objectives: To investigate if light sedation favorably affects subsequent patient mental health
compared with deep sedation. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder are common in …

Objective In hemodynamically unstable patients with spontaneous breathing activity,
predicting volume responsiveness is a difficult challenge since the respiratory variation in …

Purpose Response to fluid challenge is often defined as an increase in cardiac index (CI) of
more than 10–15%. However, in clinical practice CI values are often not available. We …

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the complementary use of echocardiography
could improve the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasonography (LUS) in patients with acute …

Introduction The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of different static and dynamic
measurements of preload to predict fluid responsiveness in patients with spontaneous …

Background The objective of our study is to assess the reliability of the distensibility of the
inferior vena cava (dIVC), as measured by ultrasound, as an indicator of fluid …

The passive leg-raising test is the only method that has been repeatedly shown to be
reliable for predicting volume responsiveness in patients who experience spontaneous …

Hemodynamic monitoring is the active assessment of cardiopulmonary status by the use of
biosensors that assess physiologic outputs. The simplest form of monitoring is the individual …