Digit ratio (2D: 4D) denotes the relative length of the second and fourth digits. This ratio is
considered to be a biomarker of the balance between fetal testosterone (T) and estrogen (E) …

The ratio between the hands' second to the fourth finger (2D: 4D) is commonly hypothesized
to result from prenatal testosterone. The 2D: 4D has also been hypothesized to relate to …

The ratio of the length of the index finger to that of the ring finger (2D: 4D) is sexually
dimorphic and is commonly used as a non-invasive biomarker of prenatal androgen …

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that high levels of testosterone during
prenatal life, testified by a low second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D: 4D), as well as in adulthood …

Abstract Background The 2D: 4D ratio, an indicator of prenatal testosterone-estrogen
balance, is the index finger (second finger) size's ratio to the ring finger (fourth finger) size …

There is evidence that the digit ratio (2D: 4D) is a negative correlate of prenatal levels of
testosterone, but there is no association between 2D: 4D and the circulating levels of both …

The relationships of digit ratio (2D: 4D) with the length of AR (CAG) n, and testosterone
levels from saliva and blood have been extensively debated over the years. This research …

Aims: Despite ascribed intellectual ability, academic success can be affected by progress
motivation. This study assessed role of progress motivation among medical student on …

Background: Procrastination is the negative behavior defined as the failure to initiate or
complete a task in a given amount of time. This behavior has been observed in students …

Self-efficacy is one's awareness of being able to cope optimally with different situations.
Perceived self-efficacy is a belief that closely involves emotional and personological …