The global prevalence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus,
steatohepatitis, myocardial infarction, and stroke has increased dramatically over the past …

Cells have a constant turnover of proteins that recycle most amino acids over time. Net loss
is mainly due to amino acid oxidation. Homeostasis is achieved through exchange of …

Ceramides are products of metabolism that accumulate in individuals with obesity or
dyslipidaemia and alter cellular processes in response to fuel surplus. Their actions, when …

The liver controls the systemic exposure of amino acids entering via the gastro-intestinal
tract. For most amino acids except branched chain amino acids, hepatic uptake is very …

Macroautophagy is a vacuolar, self-digesting mechanism responsible for the removal of long-
lived proteins and damaged organelles by the lysosome. The discovery of the ATG genes …

Nearly all stress stimuli (eg, inflammatory cytokines, glucocorticoids, chemotherapeutics,
etc.) induce sphingolipid synthesis, leading to the accumulation of ceramides and ceramide …

Loss of skeletal muscle mass is a characteristic feature of various pathologies including
cancer, diabetes, and obesity, as well as being a general feature of ageing. However, the …

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function that is characteristic
of aging. The progression of sarcopenia is gradual but may be accelerated by periods of …

Obesity and metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus are accompanied by
increased lipid deposition in adipose and non-adipose tissues including liver, pancreas …

Transporters of the SLC38 family are found in all cell types of the body. They mediate Na+-
dependent net uptake and efflux of small neutral amino acids. As a result they are …