In neuroinflammation, astrocytes play multifaceted roles that regulate the neuronal
environment. Astrocytes sense and respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines (CKs) and, by a …

Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the regulatory mechanisms of the immune
response are disturbed. As a result, the body loses self‐tolerance. Since one of the main …

Drug development for multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical management focuses on both
neuroprotection and repair strategies, and is challenging due to low permeability of the …

Neurodegeneration is characterized by progressive neuronal loss in the brain impairing
normal brain functioning. Cognitive and motor deficits are common symptoms of …

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) used in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy modulates the balance between
regulatory T (Treg) cells and effector T (Teff) cells. However, the off-target activation of Teff …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS),
characterized by chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration. Myelin is an insulating and …

In het centraal zenuwstelsel produceren oligodendrocyten myeline, wat ze om de vezels van
zenuwen (axonen) wikkelen. Dit myeline beschermt en voedt de axonen, en zorgt voor een …

Traditional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research has represented a milestone in
medical diagnostics, allowing detailed observation of body tissues without the use of …