This paper reviews the basic concepts of rays, ray tracing algorithms, and radio propagation
modeling using ray tracing methods. We focus on the fundamental concepts and the …

In this article, a review of the achieved accuracy in the literature for ray tracing (RT) based
channel modeling is presented with a focus on outdoor propagation scenarios in the sub-6 …

Recent times have seen a significant increase in capacity demands resulting in small cells
deployment. The application of standard radio channel models is not straightforward in such …

Knowledge of the radio channel in urban environments is of key importance in many critical
applications, such as wireless communication and autonomous driving. This study proposes …

A method for extracting the three-dimensional (3D) building structures using their single-
view images available on the Internet/cyberspace is described. Height measurement …

In ray‐tracing‐based propagation modelling, the electromagnetic field at the receiver is
obtained by coherent summation of the fields of multipath components. It is therefore crucial …

Environmental modeling errors have significant influence on the accuracy of ray tracing (RT)
based channel modeling method. The aim of this paper is to provide reference for …