Bone-tissue defects affect millions of people worldwide. Despite being common treatment
approaches, autologous and allogeneic bone grafting have not achieved the ideal …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and a major cause of
pain and disability in adult individuals. The etiology of OA includes joint injury, obesity …

Articular cartilage is commonly described as a tissue that is made of up to 80% water, is
devoid of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, and is populated by only one cell type, the …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling
has fundamental roles in both embryonic skeletal development and postnatal bone …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes pain and disability in the
adult population. OA is primarily caused by trauma induced by an external force or by age …

The increase in global lifespan has in turn increased the prevalence of osteoarthritis which
is now the most common type of arthritis. Cartilage tissue located on articular joints erodes …

Abstract TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in
mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix …

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have
escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse …

Cartilage homeostasis is governed by articular chondrocytes via their ability to modulate
extracellular matrix production and degradation. In turn, chondrocyte activity is regulated by …

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent chronic joint disease, increases in prevalence with
age, and affects majority of individuals over the age of 65 and is a leading musculoskeletal …