In vitro plant cells, tissues and organ cultures are not fully autotrophic establishing a need for
carbohydrates in culture media to maintain the osmotic potential, as well as to serve as …

Plant cell, tissue and organ cultures require a carbohydrate supply in order to satisfy energy
demands. Experiments to define type and concentration of carbon source that allow culture …

Advances in conifer biotechnology offer new opportunities in the field of vegetative
propagation and genetic engineering. Development of clonal propagation methods …

In this study, several improvements and simplifications of SE protocols in Pinus pinaster
(Ait.), a species of economic importance in the regions of Western Europe, are described …

Regeneration of plants by somatic embryogenesis (SE) was achieved in Stone pine (Pinus
pinea), one of the most characteristic tree species of the Mediterranean ecosystem. The …

Pinus pinaster (Ait.) somatic embryogenesis (SE) has been developed during the last
decade, and its application in tree improvement programs is underway. Nevertheless, a few …

The discovery of conifer somatic embryogenesis (SE) and the subsequent development of
SE protocols for a range of genera and species have opened new research opportunities to …

Immature zygotic embryos from 20 open-pollinated (OP) families of maritime pine (Pinus
pinaster) plus trees were screened for their somatic embryogenic capacity. The best time for …

Maritime pine somatic embryos (SE s) require a reduction in water availability (high gellan
gum concentration in the maturation medium) to reach the cotyledonary stage. This key …

Cotyledonary somatic embryos (SEs) of maritime pine are routinely matured for 12 weeks
before being germinated and converted to plantlets. Although regeneration success is highly …